Linux

Interface

Ctrl Shift + ## Increase size
~/ ## We are in the user's /home directory
Ctrl a ## Move to begining of text
Ctrl e ## Move to end of text
Ctrl l ## clear screen

General

man ## Manual. Press q to exit man.

Navigation

cd ## Go do home directory
cd - ## Go back to last directory
cd .. ## Go up a directory
pwd ## print working directory
pwd - p ## working directory
cd ~/Downloads ## ~/ reapresents /home/user

Files/Directories

Files are case-sensative. Windows/Mac are not. Use lowercase.

cp, mkdir, rmdir, rm, 
mv <file1> . ## Move file1 to current directory
mv <file1> <file1> ## Rename a file
touch newfile.txt
drwxr-xr-x ## The first 'd' means directory
-rwxr-xr-x ## The first '-' means file
ls -lah -all -A ## human readable

Permissions

chmod u=rwx, g=rwe, o=r <file> ## set permissions for users, groups, and other
chmod ugo+x ## add execute to users, groups, and other
chmod a+x ## same as above
chmod u+x, go-rx ## add execute to user. remove read and execute from group and other

use -R for recursive - to apply to each sub directory

Groups

groups ## show groups
groups <user> ## show groups for user

nano

nano <filename>

vi

vi <filename> ## Create a file
i - Enter Insert mode
ESC - Exit Insert mode
:w - Save the file
:q - Exit
:q! - Exit wo saving
:wq - Save and exit

cat

cat ## Display file content or contatanate 2 files
cat file1.txt file2.txt ## Display both files concatenated
cat -n file1.txt file2.txt ## With line numbers

Redirecting >

cat file1.txt file2.txt > output.txt ## Change output from standard out to a new file.
ls -lah >> filelist.txt ## The second > will append to filelist.txt instead of overwritting it.
cat file1.txt file2.txt > output.txt2 > error.txt ## Redirecting standard error to a file.

less -M ## Paging a large file. -M to display more data

cat file1.txt file2.txt > output.txt ## Standard out and standard error go to output.txt\

head -n 25 ## Display top 25 lines of a file tail ## Similar to head

Privilaged

sudo <command> ## Run as priv user - lasts 5-10min
sudo -k ## exit privilaged mode
sudo -i ## login as root - no longer have to type 'sudo' before commands
sudo !! ## adds sudo to the last command - no need to press up arrow and edit

Users

sudo adduser <username> ## adds a new user and adds a directory in the home directory
sudo useradd <username> ## adds a service account

Old Notes

hostnamectl
locate
which
whereis
grep - grep 'searchText' FileName
echo "Some Text" 1> SomeFile.txt
ps aux | less ## Pipe ps output to less, a paging utility

Minimal distro missing nano, sudo, etc.

apt update -y
apt install sudo -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nano

Lost Folder

You should just be able to navigate to the Downloads folder then click Bookmarks>Add Bookmark.

If it adds the Downloads folder under the Bookmarks category then you can just drag it up to the My Computer category. (blue line shows where the bookmark will be placed)